Canada is one of the world’s most energy-rich nations, boasting a diverse portfolio of natural and renewable resources. Its primary energy sources include oil, natural gas, coal, hydropower, wind, solar, and nuclear power. The country is the fourth-largest crude oil producer globally, with the oil sands in Alberta contributing the majority of its output. It also exports a significant amount of oil, mostly to the United States. In natural gas, Canada is a leading producer and exporter, with key reserves in Alberta and British Columbia. While coal once played a larger role in power generation, its usage is rapidly declining due to environmental regulations and cleaner alternatives like natural gas and renewables. Hydroelectricity dominates Canada’s electricity generation, accounting for over 60% of output. Provinces like Quebec, British Columbia, and Manitoba rely heavily on large-scale hydro projects. Wind energy has also grown significantly, with over 14,000 MW of installed capacity, particularly in Ontario and Alberta. Solar energy, while smaller, is gaining traction as technology costs fall. Canada is a key player in nuclear energy with 19 CANDU reactors—mainly in Ontario—and is exploring small modular reactors for future deployment. The nation is a net energy exporter, with well-established infrastructure supporting cross-border trade. Canada’s energy policy is focused on sustainability and climate change mitigation, aiming for net-zero emissions by 2050. Strategies include investing in hydrogen, carbon capture, and renewable technologies. The country’s ability to harness its vast resources while transitioning to a low-carbon economy positions it as a global leader in sustainable energy development.