Renewable carbon refers to carbon sourced from sustainable, non-fossil origins that do not add net CO₂ to the atmosphere, enabling a shift away from fossil fuels toward a circular, low-carbon economy. It includes carbon from the biosphere (plants, algae, biomass), atmosphere (captured CO₂), and technosphere (recycled materials). The primary generation methods are: (1) Biomass utilization, where photosynthesis naturally sequesters atmospheric CO₂ in plants, crops, algae, or waste. This biomass is converted into fuels, chemicals, or materials through processes like pyrolysis, gasification, fermentation, or enzymatic breakdown, creating a closed carbon loop when sustainably managed. (2) Carbon capture and utilization (CCU), which extracts CO₂ from industrial emissions or directly from the air (via technologies like direct air capture) and transforms it into valuable products such as fuels, polymers, or construction materials through chemical, electrochemical, or biological processes. (3) Recycling, particularly chemical and advanced recycling of plastics and other carbon-based products, which breaks materials down to monomers or feedstocks, extending their lifecycle and reducing demand for virgin fossil carbon. These pathways are supported by innovations in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and AI, and are driven by policy incentives and investment. Renewable carbon finds applications across industries, including bio-based chemicals, sustainable fuels (e.g., biofuels, SAF), and green materials, helping decarbonize sectors like transport, chemicals, and construction. While promising for climate mitigation and resource security, challenges include land-use competition, high costs of CCU, contamination in recycling, and the need for rigorous lifecycle assessments. Nonetheless, renewable carbon is central to achieving net-zero goals, fostering a regenerative carbon economy that balances human needs with planetary health.