Comparative analysis on mechanical and physical properties of jute-banana fiber reinforced epoxy-based hybrid composites: impact of fiber orientation

Natural fibers are eco-friendly and an alternative to synthetic fibers. In this study, a hybrid epoxy-based composite reinforced with jute and banana fibers with their different orientation [ J(Uni)-B(Uni), J(Uni)- B(Bi), J(Bi)-B(Uni), J(Bi)-B(Bi) ] matrix was evaluated. This research experimentally investigated the physical and mechanical properties, such as theoretical and experimental density, void content, water absorption, tensile strength, impact resistance, and hardness, by varying fiber orientation in the matrix. Key findings demonstrate that fiber orientation significantly influences the mechanical properties and microstructure of the composite. Specifically, orientation has a notably enhanced effect on tensile strength, hardness, and impact resistance, while conversely exhibiting a reduced influence on void formation within the matrix. Among the tested configurations, sample S4, featuring unidirectionally oriented Jute and Banana fibers, delivered the highest tensile strength (53.72 MPa) and hardness (58 HRM), coupled with the lowest observed void content (2.44%). Furthermore, sample S3, combining unidirectional Jute with bidirectional Banana fibers, achieved superior impact resistance (30.86 KJ/m²) compared to other orientations, while also maintaining the lowest level of hydrophilicity (0.79%). These composites have the potential to be an option for material choice that can be used in a high-strength and impact scenario.