Turbochargers and superchargers are forced induction systems that boost internal combustion engine power by compressing intake air, allowing more fuel to burn and increasing horsepower—often by 50–100%—without enlarging the engine. Turbochargers use exhaust gases to spin a turbine that drives a compressor, recycling waste energy for efficiency. They deliver high boost levels and enable downsized, fuel-efficient engines but suffer from turbo lag, a delay in power delivery at low RPMs due to turbine spool-up time. Superchargers, mechanically driven by a belt from the crankshaft, provide instant boost with no lag, ensuring immediate throttle response and linear power delivery, making them ideal for performance applications requiring quick acceleration. Key differences include power source (exhaust-driven vs. engine-driven), response characteristics (lagged vs. instantaneous), efficiency (turbo more fuel-efficient due to no parasitic loss vs. supercharger consuming 10–20% engine power), and complexity (turbo setups involve exhaust routing and cooling, superchargers are simpler to install but add mechanical load). Turbochargers excel in fuel economy, emissions compliance, and high-RPM power, commonly found in modern eco-friendly vehicles. Superchargers shine in raw drivability and low-end torque, favored in classic muscle cars and drag racing. Advantages of turbos include better thermal efficiency and downsizing potential; disadvantages are lag, heat management, and complexity. Superchargers offer seamless power and easier tuning but reduce overall efficiency and increase fuel consumption. Both technologies remain vital for maximizing internal combustion performance in an era transitioning toward electrification.